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参考文献Sources and Bibliography（第2页）

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esofRome，RavennaandthenRomeagaiher，TheFalloftheRomanEmpireandPierreCourcelle，HistoireLittérairedesGrandesInvasionsGermaniques（1948）.OhsenteredRomeandwhattheydidthere，aanalysisoftheprimarysourcesistobefoundinRalphW.Mathisen，‘RomaaGothisAlaricoducecaptaest，AAtsoftheSaein410JohannesLipps，adPhilippvonRummel（eds），TheSaein410AD，TheEvent，itsditsImpact（2013）.iceofdestrue，seeAntonellaCamaro，AlessandroDelfino，IlariadeLuenghini，‘NuovidatiarcheologiciperlastoriadelForodiCesaretralafinedelIVelametadelVseJohannesLipps，adPhilippvoheSaein410AD，TheEvent，itsditsImpact（2013）.iiohomesandanoverallassessmehesamevolume，RitangeliValenziaoaldatico.Ilsaccodel410attraversoladotaziica.

OuresoftheVisigothsseePeterHeather，TheGoths.OnAugustineofHippo’srespohesaieeSalzman，‘MemoryandMeaning.Pagansand410’inJohannesLipps，adPhilippvoheSaein410AD，TheEvent，itsditsImpact（2103）;alsoseePeterBrown，AugustineofHippo（1966）aher，TheFalloftheRomaherevivalofRomeafterthe410sackseeElioLoCascio，‘LapopolazionediRomaprimaedopoil410’inJohannesLipps，adPhilippvonRummel（eds），TheSaein410AD，TheEvent，itsditsImpact（2103）.

第三章　还是哥特人

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OnQueenAmalasueCooper，‘TheHeroiorian:ProcopiusofCaesariaarnofQueenAmalasuntha’inJonathanJ.Arnold，M.ShaneBjornlieandKristinaSessa（eds），ApaniothicItaly（2016）andalso，inthesamevolume，GerdaHeydemahi:IdeologiesandTransitions’.

OureoftheothsandpositionaialyseePeterHeather，‘TheGoths’（1996）and‘GensandRegnumamohs’iz，J.JarnutandW.Pohl（eds），RegheRelatioeAntiqueandEarlyMediaevalPeoplesandKingdomsiransformationoftheRomanWorld.

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Asthischapterdealswitheventsthatfollowrelativelysoohoseofthelast，thereissomeoverlapinsources.Forallaspectsofthefrastructure，buildiyandpopulationseeRichardKrautheimer，Rome，ProfileofaCity，312–1308（1980）;BertrandLaeAntiquity，EverydayLifeandUrbange，AD312–609，trans.AntoniaNewell（2000）;Bryanerkins，FromClassitiquitytotheMiddleAges，UrbanPubliginNortheraly，AD300–850（OxfordHistoriographs）（1984）;ie，Frometne，anArchaeologicalHistoryofItalyAd300–800（2006）aerLlewellyheDarkAges（1971）.

OntheVandalattae，seeAndyMerrillsandRichardMiles，TheVandals.lebyimperialauthoritiestopreserveReseeChristie.nandhisattemptstoshoreupRome’sinfrastrudtraditiohanJ.Arnold，TheodoridtheRomaoration（2014）.OntheschismbetaldidatesSymmadLaurentiusseeJeffreyRichards，ThePopesandthePapatheEarlyMiddleAges476–752（1979）.AlsoseeRichardsforTheiousdisputeswithByzantium，andJustiofPopeSilveriuswithPopeVigilius.Forimperial–papaldisputesseealsoLlewellyn.

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OicsofBelisarius，WitigisandTotila，seeE.A.Thompson:RomansandBarbarians:TheDeeoftheWesternEmpire（1982）.OngsthelogotheteaancesofByzayseeLlewellyn.Onbubonicplague，seeLesterK.Little（ed.），Plagueaiquity，thePandemicof541–750（2008）.OnJustianian’sfallingoutwithPopeVigiliusovertheThreeChaptersseeRiiseoftheothsseePeterHeather，TheGoths.Forthedemiseofbathing，seeerkinsandChristie.SeebothandalsoKrautheimerforthedemiseofRomaninstitutionsaionofclassicalbuildingsaschuriseoftheSenateandofRome’soldaristocracy，seeT.S.BrowlemenandOfficers:ImperialAdministrationandAristocratiByzaaly，AD554–800.

第四章　诺曼人

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H.E.J.Cowdrey:PoryVII1073–1085（1998）offersadetailedifuncrititn.AfullaesisbefoundinI.S.Robinsermany，1056–1106，（1999）.FortheriseuisdtheNormansialyseeG.A.Loud，TheAgeuiscard:SouthernItalyandtheNorma，（2000）;G.A.Loud，‘querorsandinNormanItaly’inVariorumCollectedStudiesseries，July1999，ahBaxterWoolf’sMakinghistory:TheNormaoriahtury（1995）.ThefullestinalofGeoffreyofMalaterra，TheDeedser，traerWoolf（2005）.

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RichardKrautheimer，Rome，ProfileofaCity，312–1308（1980）onisathisperiod.Foramoreuptodateatthatcoverseveryfae’stopography，population，politics，soyandrituals，andfromwhiydetailsinthischapteraredrawn，seeChrisWickham，MedievalRome:StabilityandCrisisofaCity，900–1150（2015）.ItisWiparestheChurerswithearlyRussiaionaries.Fiih-turyrevivalseeie，Frometne，anArchaeologicalHistoryofItalyAD300–800（2006）.DetailsontheMajorLitanyproarefromJosephDyer，‘RomanProajorLitany（litaheSixthtotheTwelfthturies’inRomaFelix–FormatioionsofMedievalRome，ed.éamáinandandeVegvar（2008）.

DebraBirch，PilgrimagetoRomeintheMiddleAges–uityandge（2000）offersadetailedandlivelyatofthesubjeedievalRomans’imagialesgthecity’sruih-turydesofthecity，MirabiliaUrbisRoma（TheMarvelsofRome）whianyclaims，reportsthatthatNoahlandedhisarkontheGianicoloHilltore-foundthehumahelikelycauseofthecollapseofhalfofthe’souterwallisfromDavidKarmon’sTheRuiernaltiquityaioninRenaissane（2011）.ForRomeiuriespriortotheNormahKrautheimeraerLlewellyheDarkAges（1971）.

&ionofwhichaqueduedwhenisdisBryanerkins’FromClassitiquitytotheMiddleAges，UrbanPubliginNortheraly，AD300–850（OxfordHistoriographs）（1984）andbyKatherihRiersofRome:AquedutaihoftheBaroqueCity（2010）.ForRomans’materialpossessiorier，‘MaterialLife’inDavidAbulafia（ed.），ItalyiralMiddleAges1000–1300（2esindisseeFabioParasecoli，AlDeoryofFoodinItaly（2014）.ForhealthandmedieseePatrier，HealthandMediearlyMediaevalSouthernItaly（1996）andalsoRobertSallares，MalariaaoryofMalariaialy（2002）.Rome’sJewishunityaioudelaareexaminedbyMarie-ThérèseeandRa’ananS.Boustan，‘WalkingintheShadowsofthePast:TheJewishExperieneiury’inLouisI.Hamilton（ed.），RiuryJews，sandMuslimsEernalCity（2011）.ForwomehisperiodseePatrier，Womenialy500–1200（2001）.Anxious（GehersworriedaboutianceareexamieininDavidAbulafia（ed.），TheFamilyinItalyiralMiddleAges1000–1300（2004）.

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&h-turywarfaresee:J.F.VerbruggeofWarfareierheMiddleAges（1997）andPhilippeine，WarintheMiddleAges，trans.Mies（1984）.Themostdetailedologyoftheplexeventsof1081–84remainsthatregovius:AHistoryofMediaevalRome，Vol.4，Part1，traon（1905）.ForananalysisofGuiscard’ssaeseeLouisI.Hamilton’sadhighlyenjoyable‘Memory，SymbolandArson:WasRomesa1084?’inSpeculumXXVIII，April2003，whichmyatcloselyfollows.Fordetailsonthe1300JubileeandRome’sdeeduringtheAvignonyearsseeRichardKrautheimer，Rome，ProfileofaCity，312–1308（1980）.OnhowRomaopreservetheirclassicalpasthelpediheirdriveforaeofthepopesseeDavidKarmon，TheRuiernaltiquityaioninRenaissane（2011）.

第五章　西班牙人和路德宗信徒

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Fortheclaveof1523seeHerbertM.Vaughan，TheMediciPopes，（19Pastor，AHistoryofthePopes，VolumeIX，AdrianVIarans.RalphFrancisKerr，（1923）.Thebestatoftheeventsleadinguptothe1527sack，thesackitselfanditsaftermath，onwhichthischapterhasdrawails，isJudithHook’sTheSae（1972）.AndréChastell，TheSae，1527（1983）examifromaculturalandartistigle.EricRussell，TheSae（1979）hlyeainingiflessreliablenarrative.OVIIandMigeloseeWilliamE.Wallace，‘tVIIandMigelo:AnAnatomye’，a’smusitsseeRichardSherr，‘tVIIandtheGoldehePapalChoir’，bothihGouwensandSherylE.Reiss（eds），ThePontifientVII:History，Politics，Culture（2005）.OnLeoX’sjailingoffivealsseeKateHowe，‘ThePoliticalCrimeofspiraFifteenthauryRome’inTrevorDeanandK.J.P.Howe（eds），Crime，SodtheLawinRealy（1994）.OnthecausesofthedukeofUrbiheMedidforhisroleisseeCecilH.Clough，‘tVIIandFranariadellaRovere，DukeofUrbihGouwensandSherylE.Reiss（eds），ThePontifientVII:History，Politics，Culture（2005）.OnRenaissancewarfareiaylorTheArtofWarinItaly1494–1529（1921）.OerandriseofCharlesVseeWilliamMaltby，TheReignofCharlesV（2002）.