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●Tableware（第1页）

●Tableware

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Otaltablewaremainlysistsofthedishes，glassware，andcutleries（knives，forks，spoons，andsooatablefadiure，variety，aemsmaydifferfrommealtomeal.Thearraofapletesetofallthethingsthathtuseiscalledaplag.Usuallyiure，thatmeansthattheforks，breadplate，spreader，andheleftside，whileknives，spoons，drinks，andsaucersarehtside，althoughtheleft-rightorderisreversedinasmallnumberoftries.Utensilsareplacedaboutoneintheedgeofthetableandputinastraightrow.Utensilsoplaceareusedfirst.Theglassesareputaboutaninthekheyareusedinthefollowiewine，redwiwiergoblet.

■KnivesandForks

Knifeandforkarethemajortablewareialworld.Tablekypisharpnessonly，whichisdesigonlypreparedaheyareusuallymadeofstaieelandmaybewell-decorated，oftenhavinghandlesofbone，woodor（lessonlynow）ivory.Aforkisatoolingahahseveralnarrowtines（usuallytwo，threeorfour）ohefork，asadiningutensil，hasbeentypicallyusedi，whereasiAsiachopstickshavebeenmorewidespread.Tablesareedwithtwoormoreforksaeobeusedfordifferentcourses.

Knifeaeialsociallifetakestwoprimaryforms.ThestyleemployedmostlyiedStatesofAmerica，whiescalledthezigzagmethodorAmeristyle，isdifferentfromtheEuropeaimesknowiyle）whichisveryiialiheOtalworldingEuropeandBritishohtries.Soyouchooseappropriateohefollowingtwostylesdependiionwhereyouare.

&yle:Holdkhrighthahlefthand.Afterafewbite-sizedpiecesoffoodareprepared，putknifeoewithbladesfa.Eatfoodbyshiftingfhthand（unlessyouareleft-handed）.Alefthand，armorelbowoableisill-mannered.

talEuropeaforthekforthefork.Eatfoodwithforkstillihand.Thediffereyoudon’tshifthahforkihand，withthetinesgdownward.Bothtoolsareheldinyourhandswiththetihroughoutthewholediningprocess.Ifyouhaveadrink，youdonotjustplaifedown，youputbothtoolsdowable:crosstheforkovertheknife.

■Spoons

Aspooainingasmallshallowbowl，ovalorround，attheendofahaheyareusuallymadefrommetal（typicallyflatsilverorsilverlatedorsolid），wood，orplastic.

Asatypeofcutlery（sometimescalledflatwareiedStates），especiallyaspartofaplag，aspoooeatmostanyfood，butisgreatforsofterandsmootherfoodssuchaspudding，soupsaalsobegoodtoeatsmallersizedfoodslike，rideggs.

Spoonalsobeusedfwhileoreover，youhavetouseaspoonforsauces，puddingsandcakemixes.Putitemsinabowl，potorpanandholdthespoonbythehaingthelargerendintofood.Stirincircularmotionsuureissmooth.

Spreatfsauces，butterandicake.Again，holdspooninyourhahelargerendfagtowardsfoodaioofood.

■Napkins

Anapkiangularclothorpaperusedatthetabletowipethemouthwhiledining.ItisusuallysmallaheUnitedKingdomtwoterms，servietteandnapkihused.Insomeplaces，“serviettes”

refertothosemadeofpaperkins”

aremadeofcloth.

Normally，thenapkinisfoldedaheleftsideoftheplag，outsidetheoutmostfork.Inanambitiousrestauraingoracaterer’shall，itmaybefoldediisticshapesaheemptyplate.Anapkinmayalsobetiedtogetherihcutlery）byanapkinriively，papernapkiinsideanapkinholder.

&ablemannersrequireyoutoknowhowtouseadinnernapkin.Thoughquiteilooking，anapkinisapaniedbyasetofsimplerules.Ifyou’refamiliarwiththeetiquetteofhowtouseadinnernapkin，you’llnotonlyavoiddiablefauxpasbutyou’llbequietlynoodmanners.Youfollowtheusefultipsbelow:

◇Putyourdinnernapkinonyourlapjustafteryourhosthasdoakeupyournapkinbyadletitfallopen.

◇Dabyentlywiththenapkinbefadrink.Thisavoidscrumbsfallingintlass.

◇Positionyournapkiofyourplateifyouleavethetableaurn.Pushyour.

◇outhwiththenapkinifyoubelch.Quietlysay“excuseme”

buttonoonespecially.

&henapkihedilooselyoablenearyourplate.