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Section 3 Citation and Referencing Formats（第1页）

Se3:andReferenats

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&ingreliesheavilyoandingaherauthors’ideas.Studentsmustuments，evides，ahersourcestosuppumentation.Likeallacademicwriters，theyarerequiredtogivecreditfortheinformationtheyhaveusedbyprovidingproperreferences.

Anythingthatisborrowedfromahormustbereferengbuto:

·adirectquotation，summaryorparaphrase，

·ahor’sidea，cept，thee，etc.

·informationthatisnot“onknowledge”

.

Astothebasicrules，rememberthefollowing.

·Refereprovidereaderswiththeinformatioofindthesourcesused.

·Referengstylesvaryagtodise.

·Referengmustalwaysbedtotheprofessor’srequirements.

Allfieldsreeoodotschs，butdotatioionsvarybecauseofthedifferentneedsofscholarlydises.ThreeoylesareihisseelyAPA，MLAandS）.

MLAStyle

TheMeAssoLA）hasbeenfordeeoftheleadingdevelopersiiesacademia.

MLAstylerefereheti-textstorefertoaicallistofWorksCitedattheendofthepaper.Generally，MLAstyleisusediies，partiliteraturestudies.

Aiohorofthesourinasignalphrase，andgivesapagenumberiheendofthepaper，alistofworkscitedprovidespubliationaboutthesource;thelistisalphabetizedbyauthors’lastnames（orbytitlesforworkswithoutauthors）.

APAStyle

&yleoftheAmeriPsychologicalAsso（APA）isprimarilyusediificliteraryworks.They，liketheMLAproduceguidelidictatetheasforbasidadvaerarywork.Themajorityoftheworkdoylehastodowiththedisesofthesces，sodmathematics.TheAPAhasdevelopedtheirownstyleofdotationthatisverydifferentthanthatoftheMLAortheChicagoPress.

APAreeionsthatreferreaderstoalistofreferen-textgivestheauthorofthesourinasigheyearofpublidattimesapagenumberiheendofthepaper，alistofreferencesprovidespubliationaboutthesource.

S）Style

Inhistoryaiescourses，youmayberequiredtousethedosetforthinTheanualofStyle.（ChiiversityofChicagoPress）.

InChicagostyle，supersumbersihepaperreferreaderstohberseitheratthefootofthepage（foottheendofthepaper（endnotes）.Abibliographyisoftenrequiredasearsattheendofthepaperandgivespubliationforalltheworksthenotes.

Formoreinformatiohreedotationstyles，yourefertothiswebsite:dianahawritersref.

Activity3-1:Figuringoutiionandworks-ats

Studythesampleessayswithyourpartrytofindoutthediffereheiriionandworkscitedreferenats.Thentrytosummarizethebasicfeaturesofthethreedotationstyles—MLA，APAandCMS.

Activity3-2:gsouraextsinAPAstyle

Lookatthefollole，andtrytofigureoutthebasicruleofgsourahetextinAPAstyle.

gAuthorsi

（1）AgtoHolemesandSmith（1986），genderisanimportaureinlanguage.

（2）Genderisanimportaureinlanguage（Holmes&Smith，1986）.

Referengatthee

Stephens，RL（1992）.Imagery:atreatmentfstudey.JounalEdu31，p.314-32use15，2001，fromAHLdatabase.